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1.
Rev. Hosp. Ital. B. Aires (2004) ; 35(3): 102-104, sept. 2015. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1401254

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad producida por Pediculus humanus capitis, conocida como pediculosis, es una parasitosis específica del ser humano de distribución mundial. El contagio puede ser directo por contacto con el cuero cabelludo de una persona afectada, o por fómites contaminados con parásitos, por lo que no distingue raza, sexo, edad ni nivel socioeconómico. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 80 años con una forma típica de pediculosis. (AU)


The disease caused by Pediculus humanus capitis, known as pediculosis, is a human specific parasitosis. It has a worldwide distribution. Transmission can be by direct contact with the scalp of an affected person or by contaminated fomites with parasites. This infestation makes no distinction of race, sex, age, or socioeconomic status. We present a case of an 80 years old patient with a typical case of pediculosis. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Lice Infestations/diagnosis , Lice Infestations/therapy , Dermatology , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Lice Infestations/transmission , Pediculus/drug effects , Pediculus/pathogenicity , Hexachlorocyclohexane/administration & dosage , Ivermectin/administration & dosage , Insecticide Resistance , Permethrin/administration & dosage , Insecticides/therapeutic use , Malathion/administration & dosage
2.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology. 2011; 41 (1): 131-140
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-110698

ABSTRACT

The prevalence and human risk factors associated with head lice infestation was studied. A total of 860 children, 474 [55.1%] boys and 386 [44.9%] girls, with ages ranged from 6-13 years were critically examined. They were randomly selected from two schoolchildren [one for boys and one for girls] in Jazan Province. The children or their parents were subjected to questionnaire and physical examination by visual inspections of scalp and hair for the presence of adult lice, nymphs, and/or eggs [nits]. A total of 114 children [13.3%] were infested with head lice, 73 [18.9%] girls and 41 [8.6%] boys. The highest infestation rate was recorded in rural area [20.5%]. Pediculosis had a negative association with father's education level and frequency of hair washing [p>0.01]. The results indicated that rural residence, sex, long hair, age-group 6-<8 years old, positive history of previous infestation, sharing of beds and combs, uneducated mother and family overcrowding might be the risk factors for the head lice infestation


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pediculus/parasitology , Child , Schools , Surveys and Questionnaires , Lice Infestations/prevention & control
3.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 14(2): 309-317, abr.-jun. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-550447

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho objetivou identificar e analisar conhecimentos e práticas, acerca da pediculose, dos trabalhadores de Centros de Educação Infantil (CEI) das áreas de abrangência de duas Unidades de Saúde da Família, Londrina, Paraná. Trata-se de estudo descritivo transversal. Foi aplicado formulário com questões sobre mitos, tabus, práticas, dúvidas e dificuldades na interrupção da infestação da pediculose em oito CEI. Posteriormente, realizou-se oficina com materiais educativos. Participaram 60,4 por cento dos funcionários, aqueles que estavam presentes no dia determinado pela instituição. Quase a totalidade referiu infestação pela ectoparasitose, assim como em seus familiares. A problemática é enfrentada cotidianamente nos CEI (72,1 por cento). Práticas adequadas de enfrentamento ainda são limitadas. Muitos mitos e tabus persistem (piolhos pulam, uso de sal, vinagre e querosene, etc.). As principais dúvidas estão relacionadas ao tratamento, e a maior dificuldade é a falta de colaboração dos pais. Ressalta-se, enfim, necessidade e importância de ações intersetoriais, preventivas e sistemáticas, no ambiente escolar.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Pediatric Nursing/statistics & numerical data , Lice Infestations/nursing , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Child Day Care Centers , Child Health/statistics & numerical data , National Health Strategies
4.
Rio de Janeiro; FIOCRUZ/Casa de Oswaldo Cruz; 2009. 20 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS, ColecionaSUS | ID: biblio-941130
5.
Rio de Janeiro; FIOCRUZ/Casa de Oswaldo Cruz; 2009. 20 p.
Monography in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-760767
6.
Dermatol. pediatr. latinoam. (Impr.) ; 6(3): 151-159, sept.-dic. 2008. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-599028

ABSTRACT

La pediculosis es una patología cuya prevalencia está en aumento en todo el mundo. En parte, esto se debe a las dificultades que presentan los tratamientos disponibles. Los pediculicidas químicos usados actualmente son piretrinas (permetrina 1% es la más usada), malatión 0,5%, lindano 1% (cuestionado debido a su neurotoxicidad e impacto ambiental) e ivermectina (sin aprobación de la Food and Drug Administration). Si bien existe una creciente evidencia sobre el desarrollo de resistencia a estos pediculicidas, es importante considerar la correcta realización de los tratamientos o la presencia de una reinfección antes que el desarrollo de resistencia propiamente dicho, razón por la cual es recomendable que el problema sea abordado en forma conjunta por el equipo de salud, la escuela y la familia. Actualmente se investigan nuevas opciones terapéuticas más seguras y eficaces como, por ejemplo, métodos físicos, aceites esenciales y derivados vegetales, nuevos insecticidas o la incorporación formal de opciones como la ivermectina, para lo cual aún se requiere más investigación que aporte evidencia de mejor calidad metodológica.


Head lice is a condition whose prevalence is increasing worldwide, probably because of the difficulties that available treatments present. Chemicals pediculicides currently in use are pyrethrins (1% permethrin is the most widely used), 0.5% malathion, 1% lindane (questioned because of its neurotoxic effects and their environmental impact) and ivermectin (not yet approved by the Food and Drug Administration). While there is increasing evidence of growing development of resistance to these pediculicides, it is important to consider the proper conduct of the treatments or the presence of reinfection before considering the real development of resistance, for these reasons a global assessment that includes the health equipe, the school and the family is desirable. New therapeutic options, both safe and effective, are being investigated. They include physical methods, products derived from essential oils and herbal products, new insecticides and ivermectin, which requires further research to provide evidence of better quality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Lice Infestations/therapy , Insecticides/administration & dosage , Insecticides/therapeutic use , Lice Infestations , Hexachlorocyclohexane/therapeutic use , Permethrin/therapeutic use , Pyrethrins/therapeutic use
7.
Rev. bras. crescimento desenvolv. hum ; 18(3): 298-307, dez. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-519237

ABSTRACT

A Pediculose é uma doença de importância para a saúde pública. Acredita-se que medidas educacionais colaborem para o sucesso do tratamento e da prevenção desta patologia. Este trabalho, realizado em escolas do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brasil, apresenta o discurso de professores de ensino fundamental sobre a forma como a Pediculose é transmitida. As informações foram obtidas através de entrevistas e analisadas pelo Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Revelaram-se quatorze categorias. Algumas apresentavam formas corretas de transmissão: através de contato físico e corporal do tipo "cabeça com cabeça", com pessoas que têm Pediculose. Porém, outras revelaram o seu desconhecimento: o piolho voa, o piolho pula de uma cabeça para outra, através das lêndeas. Estes resultados demonstram a existência de professores que desconhecem a forma como a patologia é transmitida. Isto diminui a possibilidade que estes profissionais têm para colaborarem efetivamente na prevenção desta patologia nas escolas, assim como para a promoção da saúde de seus alunos.


Pediculosis is a public health pathology. Educational methods would certainly colaborate to the success of the treatment and prevention of this pathology. This study, developed in Rio de Janeiro's schools (RJ), Brazil, demonstrates the primary teachers' discourse on how pediculosis is transmitted. The pieces of information were obtained from interviews and analized by the Discourse of the Collective Subject method. Fourteen categories were revealed. Some correct ways of transmission were presented, for example: through physical and corporal contact, like "head to head", with people who have pediculosis. On the other hand, some of these categories revealed lack of knowledge about the subject: the lice fly; the lice jump from one's head to anothers'; through the nits. These results demonstrated that there are teachers that don't know about the transmission of this pathology. For this reason, the possibility that these teachers have to collaborate effectively to its prevention in schools diminishes; the same occurs with the health promotion of their students.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Faculty , Health Education , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Health Promotion , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Lice Infestations/transmission , School Health Services , Schools , Socioeconomic Factors
8.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 60(2)mayo-ago. 2008. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-506352

ABSTRACT

Introducción: entre los problemas que inciden en los fallos, de los tratamientos pediculicidas, están la forma de aplicación y la baja efectividad de los productos utilizados. Objetivos: conocer, por medio de encuestas de opiniones, la forma de aplicación y la efectividad de la Permetrina 1 por ciento fabricada en Cuba para el control de los piojos. Métodos: los cuestionarios se distribuyeron entre los convivientes con escolares de primaria, que con anterioridad habían utilizado el producto en los niños. El trabajo se realizó de mayo a julio de 2007 en escuelas urbanas y rural-urbanas de las provincias Ciudad de La Habana, Sancti Spíritus y Las Tunas, en Cuba. Resultados: de 786 convivientes encuestados, 637 (81,17 por ciento) no aplicaron el pediculicida según las indicaciones formuladas en el prospecto, que se adjunta al frasco, 579 (73,66 por ciento) la consideran ineficaz y solo 143 (16,32 por ciento) la han utilizado como único tratamiento. Conclusiones: no existe sincronización en los pasos seguidos durante el tratamiento. Se evidencia una alta heterogeneidad en las respuestas, porque más de 70 por ciento de los encuestados la consideran ineficaz para el tratamiento de la pediculosis capitis.


Background: Among the problems that influence on failure of pediculosis treatment is the way of application and low effectiveness of used products. Objectives: to find out, through surveys, the ways of application and the effectiveness of 1 percent permethrin manufactured in Cuba for the control of pediculosis capitis. Methods: the questionnaires were distributed among people living with elementary schoolchildren, who had previously applied the products to children. The study was performed from May to July 2007 in urban and rural-urban schools located in City of Havana, Sancti Spiritus and Las Tunas provinces in Cuba. Results: Seven hundred and eighty six people were surveyed, 637 of them (81,17 percent) did not follow the instructions given in the flask in applying the anti-pediculosis products, 579 (73,66 percent) considered it as ineffective and only 143 (16,32 percent) had used it as unique treatment. Conclusions: there is not any agreement in steps followed by these people during treatment. Responses were very heterogeneous because over 70 of surveyed persons stated that permethrin was ineffective for treatment of pediculosis capitis.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Lice Infestations/drug therapy , Permethrin/therapeutic use
9.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 28(2): 245-251, jun. 2008. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-503169

ABSTRACT

Introducción. La pediculosis es una de las infestaciones crónicas más importante en escolares en el mundo.Objetivo. Estimar la prevalencia y describir la estacionalidad de la pediculosis durante siete meses en un jardín infantil y explorar su asociación con las variables socioeconómicas, las prácticas de higiene y las características del cabello. Materiales y métodos. Ciento setenta y ocho niños entre 3 y 60 meses de edaddel jardín infantil de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia participaron en el estudio. En cada niño se exploró la presencia de Pediculus humanus mensualmente por siete meses y se midió el grosor y la longitud del cabello al comienzo del seguimiento. Se realizó una encuesta a los cuidadores de los sujetos de estudio sobre prácticas higiénicas y condiciones socioeconómicas.Resultados. Se encontraron mayores prevalencias en el grupo de edad entre 48 a 59 meses, al principio del año escolar. Estos resultados sugieren una asociaciónpositiva entre la pediculosis y tener una longitud del cabello mayor de 11,5 centímetros [Razón de prevalencia (RP): 2,0; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 por ciento:0,82-4,8 ], el bañarse la cabeza menos de tres veces a la semana (RP: 1,58; IC 95 por ciento: 0,58-4,7), el compartir implementos de aseo (RP:1,31; IC 95 por ciento: 0,38-4,46) y el vivir más de cinco personas en la casa (RP; 2,04: IC 95 por ciento: 0,8-5,06). Conclusión. La infestación por P. humanus capitis tiene altas prevalencias en los escolares del jardín. Esta infestación se encuentra asociada a las malas prácticas higiénicas, al hacinamiento y la longitud del cabello.


Subject(s)
Child, Preschool , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Lice Infestations , Risk Factors
10.
HU rev ; 34(1): 19-25, jan.-mar. 2008. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-530683

ABSTRACT

Doenças ectoparasitárias como a escabiose, a pediculose, a tungíase e a larva migrans cutânea são epidêmicas em inúmeras comunidades carentes no Brasil e seu controle efetivo é um desafio para a Saúde Pública. Embora a permetrina seja um dos medicamentos aprovados pelo Food and Drug Administration para o tratamento da pediculose, não há um método oficial disponível para a realização do controle da qualidade deste produto em loção capilar de uso humano. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e validar um método analítico sensível, específico, preciso e exato para esta análise, seguindo os critérios descritos na Resolução no 899/2003 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA). A cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC) com detector diode array (λ = 235nm) foi empregada na determinação de cis-permetrina em loção capilar, visando implementar um sistema de controle da qualidade em laboratórios analíticos. A cis-permetrina e a substância utilizada como padrão interno (PI), o cloridrato de nafazolina, foram separados em coluna analítica S5W (4,6 x 150mm) Waters Spherisorb® e eluídos isocraticamente (fluxo de 1,2mL/min). A cis-permetrina e o PI foram caracterizados pelos tempos de retenção de 1,52 e 8,66 minutos respectivamente. O método mostrou-se linear na faixa de 1,6 a 127,5µg/mL e, nos estudos de precisão intra e interensaio, foram obtidos coeficientes de variação inferiores a 5%, calculados a partir dos resultados. A exatidão média do método foi de 103%. Os limites de detecção e quantificação foram 1,6µg/mL e 2,4µg/mL respectivamente. A cis-permetrina manteve-se estável por 24 horas à temperatura ambiente; por 15 dias a 4ºC e 30 dias a -20ºC. O método mostrou-se simples e apropriado para a determinação de cis-permetrina em loção capilar.


Parasitic skin diseases such as scabies, pediculosis, tungiasis, and cutaneous larva migrans are epidemic in numerous communities in Brazil and their effective control is a major challenge to public health. Permethrim is one of the medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat pediculosis. However, official methods of quality control for permethrin's use as hair lotion are currently unavailable. Thus, a specific and accurate method was validated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a diode array detector (λ = 235 nm) in order to determine cis-permethrin in hair lotion, aiming to establish a systemof quality control in analytical laboratories. Cis-permethrin and naphazolinechloride (internal standard - IS) were separated in an analytical S5W column (4.6 x 150 mm) Waters Spherisorb® and isocratically eluted (flow rate =1.2 mL/min). Cis-permethrin and IS were characterized by their retention times: 1.52 and 8.66 minutes, respectively. The accuracy of this method was 103%. A linear range was detected from 1.6 to 127.5µg/ml and CV < 5% calculated from intra and inter-essay precision results. LOD and LOQ were 1.6µg/mL and 2.4µg/mL, respectively. Cis-permethrin remained stable for 24 hours at room temperature; for 15 days at 4ºC and 30 days at -20ºC. The method was considered simple and suitable for determination of cis-permethrin in hair lotion.


Subject(s)
Humans , Permethrin/therapeutic use , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Chromatography, Liquid , Production of Products , Epidemics/prevention & control , Hair Preparations/therapeutic use
11.
Journal of Family and Community Medicine. 2008; 15 (3): 7-16
in Arabic | IMEMR | ID: emr-87829

ABSTRACT

This study is aimed to assess the problem of head lice among primary female students in the city of Al Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia. A model [DPSEEA] adopted by the World Health Organization [WHO] was used. It is also aimed to find the geographical distribution of head lice. A total of 100 female children manifested with head lice were identified from 40 schools in Al Khobar city. They were interviewed in the School Health Clinic in Al-Khobar using a structured questionnaire. Their weight and height were measured, BMI was calculated. The results showed that the mean number of family members of the studied population was nine persons living mostly in an apartment of 3-4 rooms. About 55% of the infested girls had sisters with similar problem. Thirty per cent did not use any medication or does not know the name of the medicine previously used More than half of the girls used sharing combs and 40% used sharing towels. About 36% of the mothers claimed that the schools were the source of the infestation. There was a statistically significant association between use of medications by infected girls and father's education, and a statistically significant association between use of personal towel by infected girls and mother's education, father's education, and number of family members respectively. A map of head lice distribution that had been produced in this study, using GIS, showed that "Al Thoqba" area reported the highest infestation. A matrix for future strategies was produced in order to control this health problem


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Schools , Students , Lice Infestations/transmission , Educational Status , Parents , Family , Lice Infestations/prevention & control
13.
Rev. saúde pública ; 39(3): 438-443, jun. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-405322

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar a intensidade de infestação (abundância) de Pediculus capitis em crianças argentinas em idade escolar. Analisar se sexo e classe social das crianças são fatores influentes na prevalência e grau de parasitismo. MÉTODOS: Foram examinados 1.370 alunos (692 meninas e 678 meninos), de 26 escolas (21 públicas e cinco particulares) da província de La Rioja, Argentina. A prevalência foi obtida pela percentagem de crianças com lêndeas e/ou piolhos. O parasitismo foi classificado em cinco graus: 0) crianças sem sinal de pediculose; 0+) com sinal de infestação curada; 1) infestação recente, mas baixa probabilidade de parasitismo ativo; 2) com infestação e alta probabilidade de parasitismo; 3) com piolhos móveis (pediculose ativa). RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral foi de 61,4% (79% em meninas e 44% em meninos, p<0,001). Crianças de escolas particulares apresentaram menor prevalência que as de escolas públicas (p=0,02), especialmente devido à baixa prevalência em meninos. Metade das crianças foram classificadas nas classes 0 e 0+; 22% na classe 1; e 28% nos graus 2 e 3. A proporção de crianças no grau 3 foi maior em escolas públicas que particulares. Observou-se diferença significante na intensidade do parasitismo em relação ao sexo, onde para os graus 2 e 3 de parasitismo os valores para meninas excederam em duas vezes àqueles dos meninos. CONCLUSÕES: Sexo e classe social são importantes fatores para a prevalência geral e grau de infestação por P. capitis. A classificação das crianças por intensidade de infestação permitiu delimitação mais precisa do problema, especialmente importante para vigilância e aplicação de medidas de controle.


Subject(s)
Students , Risk Factors , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Argentina
14.
Risafa Medical Journal. 2004; 1 (1): 59
in English, Arabic | IMEMR | ID: emr-68301

ABSTRACT

Pediculosis is common in primary schools in overcrowded sectors, in one study [10-12°%] of children have pediculosis. Pediculosis causing itching and enlargement of occipital postauricular lymph nodes and transmitted Rickettseal disease [Typhus fever] which remain unnoticed of


Subject(s)
Humans , Lice Infestations/therapy , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Schools , Students , Socioeconomic Factors , Hygiene
15.
RBM rev. bras. med ; 58(6): 398-402, jun. 2001. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-311416

ABSTRACT

No presente estudo foram avaliados três pentes finos para retirada de piolhos e lêndeas, em indivíduos comdiagnóstico de pediculose capitus (Pediculus humanus capitis). Foram selecionadas 30 crianças com idade entre 2 e 12 anos. O objetivo foi avaliar a eficácia dos três pentes finos na retirada de piolhos e lêndeas,sendo: pente 1, incluíndo na embalagem do produto Toppyc, pente 2 incluíndo na embalagem do produto à base de permetrina a 1 porcento, fabricado pelo Laboratório Sintofarma S/A. Os resultados obtidos mostram que näo há diferença estatística significante entre os números médios de piolhos retirados pelos três pentes. Em relaçäo às lêndeas, é notável a média do pente 1 que se apresenta cinco vezes superior à do pente 2 e 15 vezes superior à do pente 3 (au)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Child, Preschool , Child , Lice Infestations/epidemiology , Lice Infestations/parasitology , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Lice Infestations/drug therapy , Lice Infestations/therapy , Pediculus capitis , Phthiraptera , Health Education/methods , Hygiene , Skin Care
16.
Rev. cuba. med. trop ; 52(1): 44-47, Jan.-Apr. 2000.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-333498

ABSTRACT

Pediculosis is an endemics that has recently intensified world wide and also in Cuba as of 1970. A study was performed in the schools located in the health area of the Vedado Polyclinics in the City of Havana to find out the level of knowledge acquired and the practices followed that may have an effect on the control of this disease. Two qualitative techniques i.e. group analysis and non-participatory observation allowed to gather information. Wrong pieces of knowledge and ill practices were detected such as the belief that nits can fly, the use of a drug called Lindano 1 to treat children as a preventive method while they are in class, application of products in a wrong way, use of harmful products and no taking out of nits in a systematic way. These mistaken concepts and practices affect the analysis of cases and thus, they should be taken into consideration to increase the efficiency of the control program.


Subject(s)
Humans , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Cuba , Hexachlorocyclohexane , Socioeconomic Factors
18.
Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology. 1999; 29 (3): 893-896
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-51196

ABSTRACT

The subject of this study was a four years old girl who had Phthirus pubis infestation in the scalp, eyelids, eyelashes, neck and shoulders. She had fever, severe itching, allergic reaction and anxiety. The girl was successfully treated with 2.5% permethrin cream. The risk of lice infestation as a community health problem was discussed


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Lice Infestations/diagnosis , Phthirus/pathogenicity , Lice Infestations/prevention & control
20.
Biomédica (Bogotá) ; 14(1): 48-53, mar. 1994. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-221332

ABSTRACT

La pediculosis humana causada por el ectoparásito Pediculus humanus capitis, ha sido exitosamente controlada utilizando como insecticida los alcoholes presentes en las bebidas etílicas (aguardiente). La acción letal de los alcoholes de bebida sobre el parásito es atribuida al efecto neurotóxico, así como a su acción desnaturalizante de biomoléculas celulares. El tratamiento se hace cubriendo el cabello y todas las áreas del cuero cabelludo con una bolsa plástica desechable, fijada con cinta adhesiva, previo remojo con 15-50 ml de alcohol de bebida, de todo el cabello. La atmósfera circundante del parásito queda saturada de vapores etílicos, de agua y CO2, por un período de 30-60 minutos, lo cual es letal para huevos, larvas y adultos del insecto parásito. Se dan normas cautelosas para garantizar la acción insecticida de los alcoholes de bebida en el control de la pediculosis


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcoholic Beverages/parasitology , Lice Infestations/prevention & control , Ethanol
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